14 results
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin ... , ↓→Calcium, ↓Vitamin ... Symptoms: Commonly no signs ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Effect in Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium - Net Effect Hypercalcemia:
   ↑ intestinal
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH ... - Net Effect Hypercalcemia ... Parathyroid #Hormone #PTH ... #Phosphorus #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High Phosphate
LOW PHOSPHATE
 - Low/NormaI PTH
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... Phenytoin, Nephrotic Syndrome ... • Secondary ... Poisoning #Hypocalcemia ... Algorithm #Phosphate #endocrinology
Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis and Management
PTH Independent (↑ PTH)
 • LOW VIT D
    -
Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis ... - Calcium Sequestration ... - DiGeorge Syndrome ... Signaling #Hypocalcemia ... Diagnosis #Management #endocrinology
Initial treatment of renal bone disease and cinacalcet for secondary hyperparathyroidism
Phosphate binders reduce hyperphosphataemia and hyperparathyroidism.
Calcium-containing ... binders also improve hypocalcaemia ... Calcitriol improves hypocalcaemia ... treatments inhibits PTH ... #Pharmacology #Pathophysiology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
long-standing secondary ... Autosomal Dominant Calcium ... Malignancy • PTH-Related ... Other • Excess Calcium ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Causes of Secondary ... hypertension and signs ... renal bruit or signs ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... apnea: CPAP, most pts
Causes of Hypocalcemia by Clinical Cause

Acute illness: pancreatitis, tumor lysis, severe illness - Secondary hyperparathyroidism from
severe illness - Secondary ... low circulating calcium ... Malabsorption syndrome ... Renal disease - Secondary ... Differential #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis
Decreased calcium absorption
 • Vitamin D deficiency
    -
Causes of Hypocalcemia ... Diagnosis Decreased calcium ... Malabsorption Syndromes ... Increased calcium ... Diagnosis #Causes #endocrinology
Hyperthyroidism Overview

Clinical Manifestation of Hyperthyroidism:
 • Fatigue
 • Weight loss
 • Heat intolerance
 • Depression, nervousness
thyroiditis Secondary ... ↑ T3 - Mild hypercalcemia ... Methimazole and PTU ... #differential #endocrinology ... #signs #symptoms