31 results
Hormonal Regulation of the Blood Calcium concentration

#Calcium #Regulation #Parathyroid #Calcitonin #Calcitriol #PTH #Endocrinology #Pathophysiology #Hormones
Hormonal Regulation ... Calcitonin #Calcitriol #PTH ... #Endocrinology ... #Pathophysiology ... #Hormones
Effects of Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and Calcitonin on Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism

#Parathyroid #hormone #PTH #Calcitonin #phosphate
of Parathyroid hormone ... (PTH) and Calcitonin ... #Parathyroid #hormone ... phosphate #metabolism #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Effect in Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium - Net Effect Hypercalcemia:
   ↑ intestinal
Parathyroid Hormone ... (PTH) Effect in ... #Parathyroid #Hormone ... Calcium #Phosphorus #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Acromegaly 
Caused by over-secretion of growth hormone (GH) from the pituitary gland. 
The condition is rare
Acromegaly Caused ... over-secretion of growth hormone ... #Acromegaly #Signs ... #Symptoms #Diagnosis ... #Endocrinology
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
Growth Hormone Excess ... Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ... Overproduction #diagnosis ... signs #symptoms #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone:
 • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone ... (GH) Growth Hormone ... - Giantism or acromegaly ... #FeedbackLoop #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Hypercalcemia Workup and Differential Diagnosis Framework
1) Determine whether PTH-dependent
2) Assess for other hormonal causes
3) Assess for
and Differential Diagnosis ... Determine whether PTH-dependent ... Assess for other hormonal ... Assess for non-hormonal ... #algorithm #endocrinology
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasias (MEN syndromes) 

MEN I
• Hyperparathyroidism 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Possible ZE syndrome 
• Various
Neoplasias (MEN syndromes ... Various Pituitary path ... • Acromegaly ... #Differential #Endocrinology ... Classification #Diagnosis
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Hypercalcemia Parathyroid hormone–dependent ... ) Parathyroid hormone–independent ... - Parathyroid hormone–related ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Endocrinology
Clinical Effects of Large and Small Pituitary Tumours
Local complications - Headache, Visual field defect, Disconnection hyperprolactinaemia,
pituitary apoplexy) Hormone ... Hypogonadism • Acromegaly ... Hypopituitarism • Growth hormone ... Signs #Symptoms #Diagnosis ... #Endocrinology