211 results
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
perspiration Renal ... Central diabetes insipidus ... Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology ... #sodium #high
Hypernatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus Workup

Step #1 - Consider the history
Step #2 - Assess
Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus ... Management #Algorithm #Sodium ... #nephrology #insipidus
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
mOsm/kg - Implies renal ... , Ingestion Renal ... Euvolemic: Diabetes insipidus ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Glomerular Diseases - Spectrum
 - Insidious vs Acute
 - Nephritic (hypertension, hematuria, renal failure) vs Nephrotic
- Spectrum - Insidious ... hypertension, hematuria, renal ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
Epithelial Cells Renal ... cell epithelial sodium ... of epithelial sodium ... Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine Output > 3L /day
Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg)
 • Primary
Central Diabetes Insipidus ... Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus ... Dl • Chronic Renal ... Algorithm #causes #nephrology
#visualabstract #nephrology #copeptin #diabetesinsipidus #NEJM
A Copeptin based approach to diagnose Diabetes insipidus
visualabstract #nephrology ... diagnose Diabetes insipidus
General approach to AKI - Checklist

Urine electrolytes & FENa - Previously, it was believed that urine
believed that urine sodium ... fractional excretion of sodium ... differentiate between pre-renal ... and intrinsic renal ... AcuteKidneyInjury #Nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Osmolarity 3) Urine Sodium ... High Uric Acid → renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium #low #uricacid
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Insensible losses Sodium ... Central Diabetes Insipidus ... Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus ... hypokalemia - Various renal ... diseases (e.g. renal