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diagnosis differential hypokalemia causes low pathophysiology cardiorenal chloride gitelman hepatology hepatorenal high hrs hyperkalemia icucard management mechanisms metabolic metabolicalkalosis nongap
Mechanisms of nephron damage in cardiorenal syndrome • Increased renal interstitial pressure • Hypoperfusion • Reduced
in cardiorenal syndrome ... hypertrophy • Sodium ... • Increased AVP ... #cardiorenal #syndrome ... pathophysiology #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... , Gitelman syndrome ... the excretion of sodium ... and potassium acid ... #nephrology #differential
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis ... • Refeeding syndrome ... #nephrology #low ... #potassium
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... treated with IV potassium ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... #differential #potassium ... #nephrology #low
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... hypokalemia • Renal tubular ... differential #diagnosis #algorithm ... #causes #nephrology ... #potassium
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... , Renal tubular ... Supplement: • Potassium ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm GI Losses - Gastric • Vomiting • NG suction GI
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Losses - Impaired tubular ... Licorice • Liddle's Syndrome ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap #Nephrology
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS) Definition: • Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment. • Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
Hepatorenal Syndrome ... • Tubular function ... Classification: ... • Urine sodium ... #Hepatology #Nephrology
#ICUCard RENAL GFR 90-131 mL/min ((140-age)*Wt)/(72*Cr) Glomerular Filtration Rate (Cockcroft) CI Cr 90-131 mL/min (CrU * volume)/CrS Creatinine Clearance FENa 0.0-1.0 % ((U/P Na)/(U/P Cr))*100 Fractional Excretion of Na+ Na req mEq (125-Na)*0.6*Wt Required Sodium FE Urea
0.6*Wt Required Sodium ... Potassium Gradient ... 2)| Metabolic Alkalosis ... Distress Syndrome ... Bicarbonate, Sodium
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
the epithelial sodium ... the epithelial sodium ... antiphospholipid syndrome ... Diagnosis #High #Potassium ... #Classification
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