29 results
Mechanisms of nephron damage in cardiorenal syndrome
 • Increased renal interstitial pressure
 • Hypoperfusion
 • Reduced
in cardiorenal syndrome ... damage • Tubular ... • Increased AVP ... #cardiorenal #syndrome ... pathophysiology #nephrology
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... nephrotic/nephritic syndromes ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... #Comparison #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
pressure - Normal Jugular ... pressure - Raised Jugular ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... #Nephritic #Comparison ... #Table #Nephrology
General approach to AKI - Checklist

Urine electrolytes & FENa - Previously, it was believed that urine
- Checklist Urine ... believed that urine ... for diagnosing acute ... tubular interstitial ... AcuteKidneyInjury #Nephrology
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... cells - Acute tubular ... also be seen if urine ... protein indicating acute ... key #diagnosis #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Common Patterns on Urinalysis
 - Prerenal
 - ATN
 - AIN
 -
Acute Kidney Injury ... UTI - Nephrotic Syndrome ... - Nephritic Syndrome ... diagnosis #table #comparison ... #nephrology
Shock - Differential Diagnosis Framework
MAP = CO x SVR
Hypovolemic (↓ Intravascular volume):
 • Hemorrhage, dehydration due
PCWP • Exam: ↓ JVP ... heart failure, acute ... PCWP • Exam: ↑ JVP ... anaphylaxis, release syndrome ... Diagnosis #table #comparison
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
and concentrated urine ... casts are seen in acute ... tubular necrosis ... Fatty - Nephrotic syndrome ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... suggestive of acute ... tubular necrosis ... in a variety of acute ... #Microscopy #nephrology
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Tall adolescents Tubular ... Proteinuria (Negative urine ... • Fanconi's syndrome ... Proteinuria (Positive urine ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology