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differential endocrinology management algorithm comparison acidosis causes disorders hhs hyperglycemic ketones mechanisms metabolic nephrology psychiatry sideeffects biots breathing cheynestokes crisis
Ketosis Disorders - Comparison Table • Starvation Ketosis • Alcoholic Ketoacidosis (AKA) • Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
• Alcoholic Ketoacidosis ... Ketoacidosis (DKA ... • Euglycemic DKA ... State (HHS) • DKA ... #differential #diagnosis
Ketosis Disorders Ketone bodies are a normal metabolic energy source. Excessive unregulated production of ketones, often accompanied
• Alcoholic ketoacidosis ... • Diabetic ketoacidosis ... (DKA) - caused ... • Euglycemic DKA ... #differential #diagnosis
DKA vs HHS - Think of DKA and HHS on a spectrum of hyperglycemic emergencies -
DKA vs HHS - Think ... of DKA and HHS ... and starvation ketosis ... comparison #laboratory #diagnosis ... comparison #diabetic #ketoacidosis
Metabolic Acidosis with Anion Gap - KILU Mnemonic K - Ketoacidosis • DKA - With normal glucose, ask if
Mnemonic K - Ketoacidosis ... • DKA - With ... have -ve urine ketones ... KILU #Mnemonic #AnionGap ... Metabolic #Acidosis #diagnosis
DKA DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA: 1. Serum glucose >250 mg/dL 2. Arterial pH <7.3 3. Serum bicarbonate <18 mEq/L 4. At least
DKA DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA ... Alcoholic ketoacidosis ... early signs of ketoacidosis ... infusion until ketoacidosis ... diabeticketoacidosis #aniongap
Hyperglycemic Crisis - Algorithm for DKA/HHS Diagnostic criteria for DKA: • pH < 7.3 • Anion gap
/HHS Diagnostic ... • Urine/serum ketones ... > 250 mg/dL Diagnostic ... • Urine/serum ketones ... Diabetes #DM2 #Ketoacidosis
Causes of Metabolic Acidosis with Elevated Anion Gap - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Elevated Anion Gap > 12
- Differential Diagnosis ... Inborn errors Ketosis ... • Diabetic ketoacidosis ... MetabolicAcidosis #AnionGap ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Lactic acidosis • Ketoacidosis ... potential bicarbonate: ketosis ... exchange resins #aniongap ... #NonGap #Metabolic ... #differential #diagnosis
Third Generation Antipsychotics: Mechanisms and Side Effects (Atypical Anti-Psychotics) Example: Aripiprazole Dopamine D2 Receptor Partial Agonist • Binds
Third Generation Antipsychotics ... and deficient DA ... Antidepressant Effects #AntiPsychotics ... #SideEffects #pharmacology ... #diagnosis #psychiatry
Comparison of Pathologic Breathing Patterns Biot's respiration aka ataxic respiration: - Periodic breathing: hyperpnea (or normopnea) and
Biot's respiration aka ... Hyperpnea K = Ketones ... (Diabetic ketoacidosis ... Respiratory #pulmonary #diagnosis
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