10 results
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... with previously stable ... including hypokalemia ... Neurologic disorders ... #Hypertension #Workup
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• NSAIDs • ACE ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... Impaired Renal Excretion ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
(correction of hypokalemia ... • Cushing’s syndrome ... free cortisol excretion ... #Screening #Workup ... #table
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• NSAIDs • ACE ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... Impaired Renal Excretion ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
• ↓ Renal K+ Excretion ... reabsorption) Workup ... suggests ↓ renal excretion ... only if no clear cause ... Elimination (see Table
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Regulating Renal Excretion ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Kidney stones caused ... specific bleeding disorders ... #Medications #Table
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... myopathies - Excess exertion ... per day until stable ... Diagnosis #Management #causes ... #treatment #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup
Blood Work:
 - Hypokalemia
 - Hypomagnesemia
 - Metabolic Alkalosis
 - Elevated
Gitelman Syndrome ... Hypokalemia - Hypomagnesemia ... - Fractional excretion ... of Cl > 0.5% Clinical ... #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rhabdomyolysis = Destruction of skeletal muscle with leakage of contents into circulation.
Mitochondrial disorders ... Neuroleptic malignant syndrome ... Electrolytes: Hypokalemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology #table
Posterior Knee Dislocation Injury
Specifically, POSTERIOR KNEE DISLOCATIONS can have significant associated injury that needs unique approach
unique approach and workup ... Neurologic deficit ... Neurologic injuries ... WORK UP: obtain ... -->>>> LINK TO ACL