28 results
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
share the same pathophysiology ... prior to growth plate ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms ... #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... Dehydration • Symptoms ... changes, stroke symptoms ... Lysis Syndrome: • Pathophysiology ... proliferation rate
The Stages of Syphilis 

Primary Syphilis 
- The chancre lesion is the hallmark of primary syphilis.
Without treatment ... exposure to or symptoms ... - Late Latent ... have positive serology ... Late (Tertiary)
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
: • Triad of symptoms ... urine • Other symptoms ... • Hypocalcemia/Late ... • HAGMA • Late ... #nephrology
TRALI vs TACO - Transfusion Reactions
TRALI:
 • Epidemiology: 0.1% of transfused patientsl
 • Risk factors: Critical
blood donor • Pathophysiology ... ARDS to explain symptoms ... : 33% • Treatment ... CKD, CHF, high rate ... : No • Treatment
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... , vomiting • Late ... #21HydroxylaseDeficiency #21OHD #pathophysiology ... #genetics #endocrinology
Lymphomas and Lymphoproliferative Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hodgkin Lymphoma ~40% - Characteristic For Reed-Sternberg (RS) Cells
pattern of spread, B symptoms ... Responsive to Treatment ... very high mitotic rate ... growth, response to treatment ... Classification #pathophysiology
Management of Hyponatremia
Hypertonic Saline - Only indicated if patient has severe symptoms + Na < 125
Give
patient has severe symptoms ... • Discuss with endocrinology ... — discuss with endocrinology ... Calculate correction rate ... give specific treatment
Manifestations of Anaphylaxis by Body System

Dermatologic/mucosal

 - Eyes: periorbital swelling/erythema, injected conjunctiva, tears

 - Oral mucosa:
constriction; dry cough; difficulty ... hypotension - Late ... abdominal cramps Neurologic ... Allergy #Signs #Symptoms
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
adenomas that require treatment ... Signs / Symptoms ... #SideEffects #endocrinology ... mnemonic #GLFTAP #pathophysiology