14 results
Atrial Fibrillation Overview

Symptoms:
Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

1. Why?
Cardiac:
• Valvular heart disease
•
Atrial Fibrillation ... Palpitations, light-headedness ... Decompensated HF ... Rate Control • ... #Fibrillation #Cardiology
Cervical Central Canal and Neural Foraminal Stenosis Grading

Cervical Central Canal Stenosis Grading
 - Normal - No
Central Canal and Neural ... effacement - Mild - Partial ... effacement +/- slight ... Central #Canal #Neural ... Classification #Diagnosis #Radiology
Pleural effusion is not always visible as a meniscus in the costophrenic angle. 
A subpulmonic effusion
Pleural effusion ... with signs of CHF ... first glance you might ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #CHF #Pleural
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) Summary

Symptoms:
• Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

Why?
Cardiac:
	• Valvular heart
Atrial Fibrillation ... Palpitations, light-headedness ... Decompensated HF ... block or WPW Rate ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
edema, bilateral pleural ... → no signs of CXR ... endomyocardial biopsy Pharmacology ... diagnosis #management #cardiology ... #pharmacology #
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 • Na+ channels open leading to a
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology ... • Atrial depolarization ... contraction of atrial ... Classification #Classes #pathophysiology ... #phases #cardiology
Pleural effusion is bilateral in 70% of cases of CHF.
When unilateral, it is slightly more often
Pleural effusion ... 70% of cases of CHF ... more often on the right ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #CHF #Pleural
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
crackles in the right ... evidence of left atrial ... decreased respiratory rate ... • Pathophysiology ... exit rates of pleural
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology
1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
Digoxin Pharmacology ... and Pathophysiology ... Decreased heart rate ... #Pathophysiology ... #cardiology
PA view
On the PA chest-film it is important to examine all the areas where the lung
for instance the right ... we will discuss later ... lymphadenopathy, pleural ... Clinical #Anatomy #Radiology ... #CXR #Normal #Labeled