46 results
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
Risk factor for Late ... Alzheimer's (99% of cases ... Alzheimer's (1% of cases ... chromosome 21) Signs ... AlzheimersDisease #Dementia #pathophysiology
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
share the same pathophysiology ... prior to growth plate ... • Other rare causes ... Overproduction #diagnosis #signs ... endocrinology #pathophysiology
Marcus Gunn Pupil - Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect (RAPD)
Definition: Afferent loop of the pupillary light reflex
the pupillary light ... Optic nerve* (main cause ... neuritis due to MS ... Later (1959), Levitan ... #Defect #RAPD #neurology
Trendelenburg Gait: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Skeletal Pathology of the Hip
 • Arthritis
 • Congenital hip dysplasia
Chondrodysplasia Neurologic ... Trendelenburg #Gait #pathophysiology ... #causes #symptoms ... #signs #diagnosis ... #msk
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
Uncommon Causes ... crackles in the right ... of other common causes ... decreased respiratory rate ... pulmonary #edema #causes
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Equina Syndrome Causes ... lumbar spine Signs ... CaudaEquina #Syndrome #MSK ... #pathophysiology ... diagnosis #symptoms #signs
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification:
CLASS 1 - Sodium Channel Blockers:
 • MOA: Block fast Na+ channels
0 to decrease rate ... node activity (rate ... Vaughan #Williams #Pharmacology ... Classification #Classes ... #pathophysiology
Abnormalities in Rate and Rhythm of Breathing 
Normal 
The respiratory rate is about 14—20 per min
has a number of causes ... Other causes include ... punctuated by frequent sighs ... Occasional sighs ... Causes include
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
AKI) What to ask ... microscopy/UOP/weights ... rhabdo/TLS) Causes ... AcuteKidneyInjury #AKI #Nephrology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
hyalinization causes ... BRB breakdown causes ... retinal arterioles causes ... disc arterioles causes ... disc arterioles causes