12 results
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
• Meningeal signs ... Systemic symptoms and signs ... Space-occupying brain ... infection (e.g., meningitis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #neurology
Biphasic Illness of Leptospirosis
Some patients do not progress to severe disease. Others, rapidly develop severe disease
• Fever • Headache ... rash • Others: nausea ... ): • Aseptic meningitis ... dysfunction) • Pulmonary ... Diagnosis #Illness #Signs
Photophobia and Headache - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Why?
• The coexistence of photophobia and headache suggests the potential
: • Traumatic brain ... photophobia • Meningitis ... meningeal irritation signs ... Photophobia in viral meningitis ... ophthalmology #Neurology
Headaches Overview - Primary vs Secondary Headaches

What’s the Core Difference?
 • Primary headache = headache is
C" (common for causes ... stiffness) • Brain ... N Neurological signs ... confusion, focal signs ... Secondary #Comparison #Neurology
Neurological Manifestations of Tuberculosis
Spinal Arachnoiditis & Polyradiculopathy:
 • Subacute onset of limb weakness, bladder/bowel dysfunction, muscle
later stage) • Headache ... contrast enhancement Brain ... • Papilledema, headache ... neurological symptoms • Caused ... differential #TB #neurology
Major Brain Complications of Endocarditis
Abscess:
 • May be macro or micro and occur at site of
Major Brain Complications ... encephalopathy, headache ... SAH if ruptured Meningitis ... Ischemic stroke caused ... #neurological #neurology
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
Symptoms: • Headache ... features include - Headache ... : • Headache and ... Acute meningeal signs ... differential #diagnosis #neurology
CNS Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Clinical Manifestations: Demyelinating Syndrome, Headache, Movement disorders, Seizure disorders, Aseptic
Demyelinating Syndrome, Headache ... disorders, Aseptic Meningitis ... autoantibodies that will cause ... thrombosis and/or blood-brain ... Erythematosus #SLE #CNS #neurology
Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Pachymeningitis is a rare condition that causes areas of a layer
condition that causes ... spinal cord and brain ... vision changes, headaches ... • Bacterial meningitis ... Pachymeningitis #HP #Neurology
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
• Bilateral signs ... • Infectious causes ... ruled out • Brain ... Mycoplasma - Leptospirosis ... diagnosis #management #neurology