74 results
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
into the deeper retinal ... macula, and/or retina ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #complications ... #pathophysiology
Renal Tubular Disorders

 • Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis (Type 1)
 • Proximal Renal Tubular Acidosis (Type
Renal Tubular Disorders ... • Distal Renal ... ) • Proximal Renal ... Acidosis #Types #pathophysiology ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO): Pathogenesis and clinical findings

#CentralRetinalVein #Occlusion #CRVO #pathophysiology #ophthalmology #diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Central Retinal ... Occlusion #CRVO #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Renal Effect of NSAIDs Inhibition of Prostaglandin Synthesis

 - Renal disease, Cardiovascular disease -> Decreased renal
Renal Effect of ... Synthesis - Renal ... disease -> Decreased renal ... Prostaglandins #Pharmacology ... #Pathophysiology
Drugs that Impair Renal Potassium Excretion 

Decreased ENaC channel function: Amiloride, Triamterene, Pentamidine
Decreased Aldosterone Synthesis: Heparin,
Drugs that Impair Renal ... #Hyperkalemia #Pathophysiology ... #Pharmacology # ... Impaired #Potassium #Renal
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Pre-Renal:
 • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Framework Pre-Renal ... Hypercalcemia, Renal ... Medications Intra-Renal ... Med, Contrast, Pigment ... Autoimmune Post-Renal
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
Signs / Symptoms / Complications ... spread • Sub-retinal ... Retinoblastoma #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Complications of Portal Hypertension
 • Hepatic Encephalopathy
 • Pulmonary: Hepatopulmonary syndrome, Portopulmonary hypertension, Hepatic hydrothorax
 •
Complications of ... Pancytopenia • Renal ... #Hypertension #Complications ... #hepatology #diagnosis
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
Central Retinal ... (CRAO) • The retina ... Occlusion #CRAO #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - Pathophysiology
PTH-mediated
 • Parathyroid cancer
 • Ectopic production: Small cell lung cancer, ovarian
of Malignancy - Pathophysiology ... D - Increased renal ... Cell of lung, Renal ... Hypercalcemia #Malignancy #Pathophysiology ... #Differential #Diagnosis