43 results
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Framework and Workup ... - RenalUrine ... • Serum K low ... • Serum K: low ... Differential #Diagnosis #Workup
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
ratio in the urine ... Urine K+ <13 mEq ... loss: Diarrhea Urine ... piperacillin • High Urine ... #hypokalemia #urine
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Kidney Injury - AKI Workup ... differential, urine ... dipstick, urine ... Myeloma: serum / urine ... blood culture, urine
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Symptoms of UTI, urine ... WBCs, or urine ... → Urine culture ... Nephrology for renal ... #blood #urine
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Osmolarity 2) Urine ... Osmolarity 3) Urine ... Uric Acid - Low ... High Uric Acid → renal
Management of Pediatric Kidney Stones
Acute Managment:
 • Pain relief: NSAIDs, opioids
 • Facilitating passage of stone:
retrieve stone using urine ... protein - Low ... Monitoring for extra-renal ... Protein diet - Urine ... Protein diet - Urine
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
uric acid >4 • Urine ... losses • Urine ... uric acid >4 • Urine ... Nephrotic syndrome • Urine ... #Hyponatremia #algorithm
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... suggests extra-renal ... • Diarrhea A urine ... consumption • Low
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... Algorithm 1) ... Check Urine Osmolality ... mOsm/kg - Implies renal ... • Euvolemic (Low
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... (late) • High Urine ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm