43 results
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Framework and Workup ... Gap - UAG and Urine ... - Renal • Urine ... Differential #Diagnosis #Workup ... #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
differential, urine ... dipstick, urine ... Myeloma: serum / urine ... blood culture, urine ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Symptoms of UTI, urine ... WBCs, or urine ... → Urine culture ... for renal biopsy ... urology #blood #urine
Evaluation of Secondary Hypertension
 • Primary aldosteronism - PRA, PAC
 • Renal artery stenosis - Renal
- PRA, PAC • Renal ... artery stenosis - Renal ... fT4 • Cushing syndrome ... cortisol. 24-h urine ... resistant #Evaluation #workup
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... Algorithm 1) Check Urine ... mOsm/kg - Implies renal ... , Cushing syndrome ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
uric acid >4 • Urine ... losses • Urine ... uric acid >4 • Urine ... • Urine Na > 30 ... #sodium #low #nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Workup for Hypophosphatemia ... leukemia Measure Urine ... FEPO4 ≥ 5% - Renal ... Diagnosis #Framework #Workup ... #phosphate #nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria: Red/Dark urine ... 1ml blood/liter urine ... more RBC/HPF spun urine ... examination of urine ... #renal #urine #
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine ... (late) • High Urine ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine ... (late) • High Urine ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology