16 results
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
Hypernatremia Classification ... Cushing's syndrome, Primary ... , Loop diuretics ... Features #Diagnosis #Comparison ... #Table #Nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Medications - Loop ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... secreting tumor, Primary ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... and thiazide diuretics ... #causes #potassium
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
- Urinary Chloride ... Remote use of loop ... or thiazide diuretics ... - Normal/low ... #causes #urinary
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Urine Mg > 10g • Loop ... Hypomagnesemia #Magnesium #Low ... #Causes #Differential
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... tubular transport • Diuretics ... (loop/thiazide) ... #Causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Ureterosigmoidostomy Urinary ... Losses - Diuretics ... #Potassium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... Saline or osmotic diuresis ... disease • Drugs: Loop ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes ... nephrology #magnesium #low
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
+2Cl- Symport (Loop ... Kidney stones caused ... kidney disease • Primary ... insipidus • Primary ... #Medications #Table
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation)
GI loss - Urine loss
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... contracted • Loop ... diuretics / Bartter's ... syndrome • Thiazide diuretics ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm