35 results
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
- Differential Algorithm ... • Hypovolemia: Diuretics ... Hyperglycemia, Mannitol ... MH/CCF/CWRU EM ... nephrology #sodium #low
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm ... Hyperglycemia, Mannitol ... , Medications (diuretics ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... #Hyponatremia #Algorithm
Increased Urination - Differential Diagnosis Framework - Increased Volume / Frequency
 • Increased osmotic load (Increased
load (Na, urea, mannitol ... • Physiologic Diuresis ... Post-obstructive diuresis ... urine (usually low ... Increased intake (low
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... administration • Osmotic diuresis ... scheme) e.g., mannitol ... , glucosuria Low ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... , NGT suction, Low ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... High Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis
Excess Intake of Water:
 • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia")
 •
a.k.a. osmotic diuresis ... : Conventional diuretics ... gliflozins) • Other: Mannitol ... • Central Dl (Low
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... , NGT suction, Low ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... High Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Diagnostic Approach to Hyponatremia
Box A:
 • Normo/hyperosmolar Hyponatremia: Glucose, Mannitol, Glycine, Contrast media, Maltose
 • Pseudohyponatremia:
Hyponatremia: Glucose, Mannitol ... Primary Polydipsia, Low ... Hyponatremia #Diagnosis #Algorithm
#Diagnosis #EM #IM #PERC #Low #Risk #Pulmonary #Embolism #PulmonaryEmbolism #Algorithm #RebelEM
#Diagnosis #EM # ... IM #PERC #Low #Risk ... PulmonaryEmbolism #Algorithm
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Normal Acid-Base: Low ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... causes #potassium #low