19 results
Summary of Diuretic Agents 
Subclass, Drug, Mechanism of Action, Effects, Clinical Applications, Pharmacokinetics, Toxicities, Interaction
CARBONIC ANHYDRASE
Summary of Diuretic ... empagliflozin LOOP ... DIURETICS • Mannitol ... #Pharmacology #summary ... #table #nephrology
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
Nephron and their Functions ... organic acids and bases ... limb of Henle's loop ... #Pathophysiology ... #Tubules #Table
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... transport, renal function ... Gastrointestinal function ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Pathophysiology
Diplopia - Double Vision - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical Pearls:
 • Diplopia is almost always binocular.
 •
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Look for ptosis ... a mass as the cause ... Dislocation • Functional ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Vomiting • NG suction ... • Diuretics (loop ... #Causes
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
and Management Summary ... Dermatomyositis) AKI - Pathophysiology ... per day until stable ... Loop diuretics for ... #causes #treatment
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Remote use of loop ... Vomiting/nasogastric suction ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #urinary
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
Pathophysiology: Triggering factor (infection,...)→Activation of CD8 T cells (IFN-y) → Excessive activation of macrophages
Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) Pathophysiology ... Auto-amplification loop ... Drugs, Unknown cause ... 100 mg/m2) : in case ... management #treatment #summary
Lung Abscess - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Lung Abscess Etiology:
 • Necrosis of lung parenchyma by a
and Management Summary ... • Most common cause ... Lung Abscess Pathophysiology ... shows a small, stable ... #differential #causes
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
and Management Summary ... countries (11-24 cases ... survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... symptoms are not caused ... Self-limiting, chronic but stable