13 results
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Pathogenesis and clinical ... inner retinal nerve ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Childhood Immunization Schedule: Why we immunize
 • Diphtheria Toxin -> URT inflammation causes pseudomembrane with hardened
Tetanus Toxin -> Spores ... metabolites induce injury ... lymph -> Koplik's spots ... tachypnea, otitis media ... peds #pediatrics #pathophysiology
Trendelenburg Gait: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Skeletal Pathology of the Hip
 • Arthritis
 • Congenital hip dysplasia
Pathogenesis and clinical ... Superior gluteal nerve ... tears of gluteus medius ... Trendelenburg #Gait #pathophysiology ... #causes #symptoms
Diplopia - Double Vision - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical Pearls:
 • Diplopia is almost always binocular.
 •
Diagnosis Algorithm Clinical ... • Neurologic symptoms ... a mass as the cause ... depress when looking medially ... #Ophthalmology
Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) - Recognition of giant cell arteritis (GCA)

1) Is visual loss caused
Is visual loss caused ... disorder of the optic nerve ... thrombosis of short ... Clinical manifestations ... #Rheumatology #Ophthalmology
Median Nerve Injury and Anhidrosis
Note dry skin that precisely matches a median nerve distribution (spares ulnar
Median Nerve Injury ... wound to the wrist caused ... nerve injury. ... nerve injury was ... Anhidrosis #Hand #Clinical
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Pathogenesis and clinical ... -> Cotton-wool spots ... retinal ischemia causes ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology ... complications #pathophysiology
Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Medical Comorbidities Malignancies (most commonly hairy-cell leukemia)
Immunogenetic Predisposition: patient is
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... Findings Medical ... Viral replication causes ... direct injury to ... Diagnosis #Signs #Symptoms
Mastoiditis: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Acute or Chronic Otitis Media -> 
Stage 1: Hyperemeia of the mastoid
Pathogenesis and clinical ... bone): facial nerve ... hearing loss, nausea ... #Mastoiditis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Acute Closed Angle Glaucoma: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
OPHTHALMIC EMERGENCY: Early detection is essential, but most patients
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... • Significant cause ... leads to optic nerve ... ClosedAngle #Glaucoma #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology