22 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... HYPERVOLEMIC • CHF ... • nephrotic syndrome ... #Hypernatremia ... Workup #Algorithm #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... GI losses • Renal ... Reduced GFR, AKI/CRF
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... GI losses • Renal ... Reduced GFR, AKI/CRF
Hyponatremia Correction
1. Indications for Hypertonic Saline: seizure, coma, focal findings
   - typically occurs with
Hyponatremia Correction ... 100-110 - Symptoms ... Demyelination Syndrome ... desmopressin MH/CCF ... rate #management #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
anemia) • G-CSF ... • Refeeding syndrome ... Losses Non-renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #low #potassium
NINDS Diagnostic Criteria for Guillain Barre Syndrome 
Features Required for Guillain-Barré Syndrome:
 • Progressive muscle weakness
, Mild sensory symptoms ... or signs, Cranial ... sensory level • Central ... nervous system signs ... diagnosis #criteria #neurology
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
mimics complete • Central ... of bladder and rectal ... pathophysiology #signs ... #symptoms #msk ... #orthopedics #neurology
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
(Wallenberg's syndrome ... with significant neurologic ... Syndrome usually ... attacks with varying neurologic ... signs or symptoms
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
papilledema • Horner syndrome ... lyme • Altered mental ... ) • Systemic symptoms ... and signs (e.g. ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #neurology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
: • Triad of symptoms ... urine • Other symptoms ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... Monitor potassium ... causes #treatment #nephrology