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diagnosis differential nephrology algorithm causes hypokalemia management rheumatology vasculitis aids associated cardiorenal disorder encephalopathy gitelman hand high hiv hyperkalemia hyponatremia
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
anemia) • G-CSF ... • Refeeding syndrome ... vomiting) • Low ... intake (anorexia, dementia ... #low #potassium
Mechanisms of nephron damage in cardiorenal syndrome • Increased renal interstitial pressure • Hypoperfusion • Reduced
in cardiorenal syndrome ... hypertrophy • Sodium ... #cardiorenal #syndrome ... #Mechanisms #pathophysiology ... #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... • Gitelman's syndrome ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... • Bartter syndrome ... #management #pathophysiology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by: • Headache • Seizures • Altered mental
Encephalopathy Syndrome ... Clinico-Radiological Syndrome ... syndrome by 24 ... Paraneoplastic syndrome ... Encephalopathy #Syndrome
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND) Definition: HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories: • Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment • Mild neurocognitive impairment • HIV dementia Pathophysiology: HIV frequently
Pathophysiology ... ARVs can have low ... • Depressive symptoms ... The clinical syndrome ... #AIDS #Neurology
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Cirrhosis, Nephrotic Syndrome ... , Chronic Renal ... Alcohol MH/CCF ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology ... #sodium #low
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework When to Consider Vasculitis: • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions •
Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome ... VASCULITIS: • Behçet Syndrome ... • Cogan Syndrome ... • Complement (Low ... #rheumatology #classification
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework When to Consider Vasculitis: • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions • Mononeuritis multiplex • Hematuria, proteinuria,
Presentation: Systemic Symptoms ... Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome ... • Progressive symptoms ... vasculitis • Behcet syndrome ... vasculitis • Cogan syndrome
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
the epithelial sodium ... Drug-associated: heparin, low-molecular-weight ... antiphospholipid syndrome ... Diagnosis #High #Potassium ... #Classification
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