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diagnosis management algorithm differential clinical microscopy treatment causes neurology hyponatremia crystals syndrome workup pharmacology hypokalemia uricacid acute casts crystalluria endocrinology
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Polyuria = >3L Urine output / 24 hours Urine osmolality = 2 (Na
Polyuria = >3L Urine ... meq/L] + [BUN mg ... /dL]/2.8 + [glucose ... mg/dL]/18 HIGH ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Fractional Excretion of Phosphate FEPO4 FEPO4 = Fractional Excretion of Phosphate (%) = [PO4 (Urine) * Creatinine
Creatinine (S, mg ... /dL) Cr = Creatinine ... (U, mg/dL) B= blood ... U= urine FEPO4 ... FEPO4 #phosphorus #nephrology
Albuminuria (Grades) and Risk for CKD Normal to mildly increased albuminuria: - Albumin excretion rate: < 30
excretion rate: < 30 mg ... ratio: 30-300 mg ... proteinuria: - Urine ... hypoalbuminemia (<3.0 g/dL ... classification #CKD #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Weakness - Dark urine ... hour with goal urine ... if levels > 8 mg ... /dL #Rhabdomyolysis ... causes #treatment #nephrology
Hyperglycemic Crisis - Algorithm for DKA/HHS Diagnostic criteria for DKA: • pH < 7.3 • Anion gap
< 18 mEq/L • Urine ... usually > 250 mg ... /dL Diagnostic ... usually > 600 mg ... /dL • Serum osm
Acute Kidney Injury - RIFLE and AKIN Criteria for Diagnosis and Classification of AKI • AKIN
Increase in SCr ≥ 0.3 mg ... /dL or increase ... /dL with an acute ... /dL; or on RRT ... Classification #nephrology
Indications for Parathyroidectomy in Primary Hyperparathyroidism • All patients with symptomatic PHPT • Serum calcium 1
Serum calcium 1 mg ... /dL above upper ... nephrocalcinosis, 24h urine ... calcium > 400 mg ... /dL with increased
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Urine Output > 3L /day Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg) • Primary
Diagnosis Algorithm Urine ... Water Diuresis (Urine ... Mixed Diuresis (Urine ... obstruction • Partial Dl ... Algorithm #causes #nephrology
Ranson's Criteria in Pancreatitis At Admission: - Age > 55 years - WBCs >
Glucose > 200 mg ... /dl - LDH > 350 ... - BUN rise > 5 mg ... /dl - Calcium ... < 8 mg/dl -
The Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis (LRINEC) Scoring System CRP (mg/dL), WBC (per mm3), Hemoglobin (g/dL),
Scoring System CRP (mg ... /dL), WBC (per ... , Creatinine (mg ... /dL), Glucose ... (mg/dL), Score
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