14 results
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... • Hyaline casts ... #Microscopy #Atlas ... #key #diagnosis ... #nephrology #casts
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Exercise • Fever ... polyangiitis (GPA) / microscopic ... HSP • Post-infectious ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... Acellular Casts • Hyaline ... colored compounds (e.g ... #Microscopy #nephrology ... interpretation #diagnosis
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Hypertonic saline ... Polyuria scheme) e.g ... ICU patients • Fever ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology
Non-Resolving Pneumonias: Etiologies
Unusual Infections:
 - Immunocompromised patients (e.g.: Mycobacterium, Aspergillosis, Nocardia)
 - Endemic Fungi (e.g.: Histoplasmosis,
Etiologies Unusual Infections ... yersinia/rats, Q fever ... polyangiitis, microscopic ... Others: - Pulmonary ... NonResolving #Pneumonia #diagnosis
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Associations Hyaline ... and concentrated urine ... Urinary tract infections ... #Differential #Microscopy ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Pulmonary Renal Syndrome

Definition: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage + Glomerulonephritis
Presentation (Pulmonary and renal manifestations can occur weeks apart):
Cough, Dyspnea, Fever ... Differential Diagnosis ... polyangiitis, Microscopic ... allopurinol), Infection ... #nephrology
Endocarditis checklist
Initial evaluation
 • Peripheral blood cultures (three sets at three different sites)
 • Additional culture
endocarditis w/ septic pulmonary ... for metastatic infection ... • Persistent fever ... metastatic foci of infection ... #criticalcare #diagnosis
Invasive Aspergillus (IA) - Diagnosis and Management
Aspergillus is ubiquitous in nature. Most invasive infections are caused
Aspergillus (IA) - Diagnosis ... immunosuppression (eg ... presentations: • Pulmonary ... Non-pigmented (hyaline ... sometimes have this morphology
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
polyangiitis), MPA (microscopic ... Anti-GBM antibody • Urine ... : UA, Urine protein ... confirm DAH, r/o infection ... recent DAN) • EMG