9 results
Kidney stone type, corresponding urine sediment, urinary risk factors, and associated clinical settings.
#Diagnosis #Nephrology #Urine #Microscopy
Kidney stone type ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology ... #Urine #Microscopy ... Crystals #Types #Morphology ... #Composition #Shapes
Urine Microscopy - Kidney Stones and Crystals 

Uric Acid, Cystine, Hippurate, Cloth Fiber, Tyrosine, CaOx, CaP,
Urine Microscopy ... Identification #Differential ... #Shapes #Diagnosis ... #Stones #Key #Nephrology ... #Atlas
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Hypernatremia - Differential ... • Hypertonic saline ... Polyuria scheme) e.g ... ICU patients • Fever ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Proteinuria - Differential ... • Exercise • Fever ... polyangiitis (GPA) / microscopic ... Protein deposition (eg ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... Acellular Casts • Hyaline ... acute and chronic kidney ... colored compounds (e.g ... #Microscopy #nephrology
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Associations Hyaline ... and concentrated urine ... broad - Advanced kidney ... Urinary #Casts #Differential ... #Microscopy #Diagnosis
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
Enteroviruses (e.g ... dengue, LaCrosse, Saint ... • Headache • Fever ... meningeal signs (fever ... established by CSF or urine
SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)

Suspect:
Clinical evidence of (fatigue, rash, photosensitivity, inflammatory arthritis, weight loss, and fever) and
weight loss, and fever ... permanent alopecia Differential ... edema, active urine ... to: Arthritis, Fever ... C4) • ds-DNA: Kidney
Fever After International Travel

Infectious Disease:
• Endemic in either the destination or home region

Viral Syndromes:
Arboviral infections, a
in the United States ... ) testing of a saliva ... examination; and urine ... dipstick test, microscopic ... #Travel #Differential