404 results
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
blood cell count (anemia ... • Aplastic Anemia ... Megaloblastic Anemia ... Myelophthisic Anemia ... dyserythropoietic anemia
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology Atlas
 • Microcytic - Iron-deficiency anemia, Thalassemia, Sideroblastic anemia, Lead poisoning
Iron-deficiency anemia ... Sideroblastic anemia ... Megaloblastic anemia ... Liver diseases, Myelodysplastic ... , Pernicious anemia
Diagnostic Framework for Anemia (Morphological Approach - MCV)
Low MCV - <80fL - "Microcytic"
 • Iron deficiency
Framework for Anemia ... thalassemia • Anemia ... Normocytic" • Anemia ... Acute blood loss, Anemia ... Hypothyroidism, Myelodysplastic
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MD) - Diagnosis and Management Summary
myelo (marrow) -dys- (abnormal) -plastic (shape) = funny-shaped cells
Myelodysplastic ... cytopenias (usually anemia ... BrighamChiefs #Myelodysplastic
Causes of Anemia by Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Low Mean Corpuscular Volume (<80
Causes of Anemia ... Poisoning • Anemia ... Marrow Failure • Anemia ... Hypothyroidism • Myelodysplasia ... #Anemia #MCV
Causes of Anemia with elevated Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Blood Smear
 •
Causes of Anemia ... • Pernicious Anemia ... • Pernicious Anemia ... Dysplastic • Myelodysplastic ... #Macrocytic #Anemia
Causes of Neutropenia with Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Sequestration:
 • Splenomegaly
Marrow Infiltration:
 • Hematologic and non-hematologic
Toxins • Aplastic Anemia ... • Myelodysplasia
Causes of Thrombocytosis - Differential Diagnosis
Secondary Thrombocytosis (a.k.a Reactive Thrombocytosis):
 • Acute infection
 • Solid organ
malignancies • Anemia ... vera (PV) • Myelodysplastic
VEXAS (Vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, Autoinflammatory, Somatic) Syndrome
Clinical Syndrome:
 • Common Clinical Features: alveolitis, ear and
Abnormalities: macrocytic anemia ... multiple myeloma, myelodysplastic ... multiple myeloma or myelodysplastic
Aplastic Anemia - Overview

Who?
• M = F
• 3 peaks:	1) Childhood	2) 15-25 years	3) >60 years

What?
• Aplastic anemia
Aplastic Anemia ... • Aplastic anemia ... Immune Aplastic Anemia ... as in Fanconi anemia ... • Hypocellular myelodysplastic