1988 results
NSAIDS and their effects on the Kidney - Pathophysiology

Arachidonic Acid metabolites into alternative pathways that modify
and decreased renal ... blood flow: Pre renal ... Interstitial Nephritis Necrosis ... • Papillary Necrosis ... KidneyDisease #nephrology
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal

PRE-RENAL 
Impaired perfusion: 
•
) - Prerenal, Renal ... Postrenal PRE-RENAL ... Acute tubular necrosis ... Infection POST-RENAL ... #Differential #Nephrology
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
acute tubular necrosis ... tubulointerstitial nephritis, renal ... tuberculosis Fatty - Nephrotic ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... Microscopy #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
cells - Normal • Renal ... - Any type of renal ... More significant renal ... brown cast” - Necrotic ... key #diagnosis #nephrology
Common causes of Acute Kidney Injury AKI - Differential Diagnosis
HEMODYNAMIC
 • Cardiac failure: Impaired forward flow,
thromboembolism, renal ... tumors INTRINSINC RENAL ... Tubular Injury/Necrosis ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
at least 50% Renal ... Acute Tubular Necrosis ... Sjögren) Post-Renal ... #KidneyInjury #Nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
thrombosis • Renal ... • Papillary necrosis ... TURP/Biopsy Renal ... causes #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine #
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Ischemic colonic necrosis ... resistance Impaired Renal ... deficiency • Renal ... Type IV RTA • Renal ... potassium #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Ischemic colonic necrosis ... resistance Impaired Renal ... deficiency • Renal ... Type IV RTA • Renal ... potassium #high #nephrology
Scleroderma Renal Crisis (SRC)

Clinical Presentation of Scleroderma Renal Crisis:
1) Acute kidney injury
2) Abrupt onset of hypertension
3)
Scleroderma Renal ... of Scleroderma Renal ... thickening, fibrinoid necrosis ... Monitoring • Renal ... #rheumatology #nephrology