9 results
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Pre-Renal:
 • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Compartment Syndrome, Medications ... Protein) • AIN: Medication ... Neurogenic Bladder (Medication ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes #algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
Acute Kidney Injury ... tubular necrosis (causes ... tract infection • Medications ... #AKI #Acute #Kidney ... Classification #diagnosis #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• Recent IV potassium ... Medications 2. ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• Recent IV potassium ... Medications 2. ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
cirrhosis, chronic kidney ... insipidus • Kidney ... stones caused by ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Pharmacology #Medications
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Etiology: • Medications ... only if no clear cause ... STOP offending medications ... Management #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. 
***Typical presentations: 
 • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
correcting serum potassium ... Other medications ... continued in most cases ... differential #algorithm #nephrology
Differential Diagnosis: New-Onset Seizure in the Elderly

STRUCTURAL:
 • Stroke/TIA, Subdural hematoma, mass
 • Traumatic Brain Injury
withdrawal • Medication ... cardiovascular causes ... Seizure #Elderly #Neurology ... #Geriatrics
Evaluation of Recurrent Falls

Core Concept:
Maintaining an upright posture requires the integrated function of multiple systems.
Disruption in
Severe anemia • Clues ... Retinopathy • Clues ... Contributing Factors • Medications ... Differential #Evaluation #Geriatrics ... #Neurology