16 results
diagnosis differential causes hypernatremia hypokalemia management metabolic neurology pathophysiology urinary workup epilepticus gitelman hypochloremia hypotonic icucard pediatrics peds physiologic potassium
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
Differential Algorithm ... addition) of volume status ... low, uric acid ... and uric acid low ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Algorithm Cl- ... • Normal/low ... , Gitelman syndrome ... Normal acid-base status ... #nephrology #differential
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... - Normal/low ... diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... Normal acid-base status
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Algorithm Hypertonic ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... > 30): SIADH, Medications ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... #sodium #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... mechanism 2) Volume Status ... • Euvolemic (Low ... , Cushing syndrome ... #nephrology #sodium
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration. Step 2. Check plasma osmolality. NORMAL PLASMA
Repeat the sodium ... Assess volume status ... • nephrotic syndrome ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm ... #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... and metabolic alkalosis ... Hypothyroidism, Stress, Drugs ... #Causes #nephrology
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses •
Based Approach to Hyponatremia ... Hypothyroidism, Low ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #low #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis ... • Refeeding syndrome ... Thyrotoxicosis Medications ... vomiting) • Low ... #nephrology #low
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Cause - Decreased Intake: • Low salt in diet • Exclusive D5W
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Decreased Intake: • Low ... altered mental status ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology ... #Chloride
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