50 results
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
vasoconstriction syndrome ... Toxic: Alcohol, Medication ... , Recreational drugs ... Hyperglycemia, Hyponatremia ... #Causes #neurology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Syndrome of Inappropriate ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... trauma • Drugs ... #Nephrology #Differential
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Syndrome of Inappropriate ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... trauma • Drugs ... #Nephrology #Differential
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Algorithm Hypertonic ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... > 30): SIADH, Medications ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology
Causes of Secondary / Provoked Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Febrile
Infection
 • Sepsis
 • Encephalitis
 • Meningitis
Metabolic
Secondary / Provoked Seizures ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypocalcemia • Hyponatremia ... Uremia • Alcohol/drug ... #Neurology #Differential
Generalized Seizures and Pseudoseizures
Generalized seizures "are conceptualized as originating as some point within, and rapidly engaging,
Generalized Seizures ... Generalized seizures ... other sedative drugs ... hyperglycemia, hyponatremia ... Classification #Diagnosis #Neurology
An Algorithm for the Management of Seizures

The management of active seizures is algorithmic, starting with a
Management of Seizures ... management of active seizures ... anti-epileptic drugs ... twitter.com/thame #Seizure ... #Emergency #Neurology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypothyroidism, Stress, Drugs ... Cardiac failure #Hyponatremia ... #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Pediatric Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Infantile:
 • Benign Focal Epilepsy of Infancy
 • West
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Provoked - Drugs ... : • Drug overdose ... Hypocalcemia • Hyponatremia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... mmol/L - true hyponatremia ... • nephrotic syndrome ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm ... #Nephrology