57 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
- Nephrotic syndrome ... Acute and chronic kidney ... Hypokalemia - Drugs ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Pre-Renal:
 • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
, Medications Intra-Renal ... Protein) • AIN: Medication ... Neurogenic Bladder (Medication ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes #algorithm
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome ... trauma • Drugs ... Hypo-osmolar urine ... #Nephrology #Differential
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome ... trauma • Drugs ... Hypo-osmolar urine ... #Nephrology #Differential
The Urine / Plasma Electrolyte Ratio - Guide to Fluid Restriction in Hyponatremia
 • U/P Ratio
The Urine / Plasma ... Restriction in Hyponatremia ... FR < 1000 mL + Medication ... MD @NephroMD #Urine ... diagnosis #management #nephrology
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
vasoconstriction syndrome ... Toxic: Alcohol, Medication ... , Recreational drugs ... Hyperglycemia, Hyponatremia ... #neurology
Possible Causes of Altered Urine Color 

Red 
    Foods: beets, blackberries, rhubarb
Possible Causes ... rhubarb Medications ... carrots Medications ... asparagus Medications ... Differential #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia ... Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... > 30): SIADH, Medications ... diagnosis #sodium #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... osmolarity If cause ... • Cardio-renal syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
SGLT2 Inhibitors 
SGLT2 inhibitors are the newest class of anti-diabetic medications, with the first one (Canagliflozin)
anti-diabetic medications ... in the nephron (kidney ... ), which causes ... glucose in the urine ... #Pharmacology #Medications