11 results
Hormones Acting on the Nephron - Diuretics and Their Site of Action
 1) Acetazolamide
 2) Osmotic
the Nephron - Diuretics ... HCTZ) 5) Potassium-sparing ... spironolactone) #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Nephron ... #Diuretics #Hormones
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Hypochloremia - ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... RENAL LOSS: - Diuresis ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Discontinued diuretic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology #low ... #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... Urine Cl - Loop diuretics ... , Thiazide diuretics ... #differential #algorithm ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... differential #diagnosis #algorithm ... #causes #nephrology ... #potassium
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... treated with IV potassium ... Alkalosis: Emesis, Diuretics ... #differential #potassium ... #nephrology #low
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... >20 mEq/24 h - Diuretics ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology #causes ... #low #potassium
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... loop or thiazide diuretics ... pressure: Active diuretic ... of sodium and potassium ... #nephrology #differential
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
with thiazide diuretic ... Hypomagnesemia • Hypochloremic ... Surreptitious diuretic ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology