9 results
Causes of Bleeding / Bruising - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Thrombocytopenia - Quantitative Defect
 • Decreased Production
 •
Causes of Bleeding ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Sequestration Disordered ... Rare • Drugs (e.g ... #Causes #Hematology
Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA)
ANA or Anti-NucIear Antibody refers to antibodies against antigens in the nucleus → like
Positive ANA ≠ Autoimmune ... • Nucleolar: Diffuse ... Lymphoproliferative Disorders ... Thyroid, Autoimmune ... #rheumatology #
Lymphomas and Lymphoproliferative Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hodgkin Lymphoma ~40% - Characteristic For Reed-Sternberg (RS) Cells
Lymphoproliferative Disorders ... with lymphatic system ... lymphadenopathy more diffuse ... involvement, irregular pattern ... pathophysiology #Hematology
Cryoglobulinemia Summary

Cryoglobulins:
 • Cryoglobulins are Igs in the serum that precipitate in vitro at temperatures below
activate the immune system ... , leading to the ... infection • Autoimmune ... Often Secondary to Autoimmune ... (e.g. systemic
Helpful Clinical Features in Evaluating Bleeding Disorders
Age of onset
 • Neonate - in 20% of haemophilias,
• Presence of systemic ... • Unusual pattern ... non-accidental injury Pattern ... #Bleeding #Disorders ... pediatrics #diagnosis #hematology
SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)

Suspect:
Clinical evidence of (fatigue, rash, photosensitivity, inflammatory arthritis, weight loss, and fever) and
SLE (Systemic Lupus ... disease • Non-autoimmune ... deficiencies • Autoimmune ... pneumonitis • Diffuse ... enteropathy, and diffuse
Cryofibrinogenemia Summary

Cryofibrinogenemia Epidemiology:
 • 40-70 years with a modest female predominance

Cryofibrinogenemia:
 • The precipitation of a
Paradoxical spontaneous bleeding ... associated with autoimmune ... cryoglobulinemia Associated Disorders ... processes: • Systemic ... #hematology
PALM RASHES 
Common features and patterns:
1.	Color:
o	Red or erythematous: Common in inflammatory or allergic reactions.
o	Purple or purpuric:
Common features and patterns ... suggest vascular or hematologic ... depigmentation disorders ... o Peripheral patterns ... Drug Reactions: Diffuse
Autoimmune Myositis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Inflammatory Myopathies: Commonly symmetric proximal muscle weakness, no substantial muscle pain
Aldolase levels • EMG ... slow onset and pattern ... Camptocormia (bending ... • Conduction system ... Myositis #Myopathy #rheumatology