10 results
Progressive ECG changes with increasing 
hyperkalaemia. 
 (a) Normal 
 (b) Tented T wave (arrow)
Progressive ECG ... (a) Normal (b) ... d) 'Sine wave' pattern ... Diagnosis #Cardiology #EKG ... #ECG #Hyperkalemia
Typical ECG changes associated with hyperkalemia. 
→ Peaked T wave
→ Wide PR interval, Wide QRS duration,
associated with hyperkalemia ... As such, a normal ... experience sudden hyperkalemic ... #hyperkalemia #ECG ... #changes #progression
Hyperkalemia management algorithm 2023-2024 based on UKKA and KDIGO guidelines.

#hyperkalemia #electrolytes #algorithm #emergency #management

Notes:

(1) Up to
algorithm 2023- ... #algorithm #emergency ... patients have a normal ... ECG including some ... A normal ECG doesn't
Hyperkalemia - Management Algorithm
 • IV calcium
 • IV insulin and glucose and/or salbutamolt
 • Consider
Hyperkalemia - Management ... Algorithm • IV ... potassium and ECG ... QRS axis shift, Progressive ... morphology, "Sine wave" pattems
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Intercellular Shift - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transcellular Shift - Appropriate renal excretion (GFR,
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Cell Lysis (e.g ... • Digoxin #Hyperkalemia ... #IntercellularShift
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Reduced Excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Reduced flow through distal nephron - TTKG
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Low EABV (e.g ... • NSAlDs #Hyperkalemia ... #IntercellularShift
Malignant Adrenal Mass - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Suggestive of Malignancy: Inhomogenous Density, Delay in CT Contrast Washout
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Carcinoma) • Normal ... Other Source (e.g ... Hypertension +/- Hypokalemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of ST Segment Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Framework

STEMI:
 • Upsloping convex STE: "Pardee's sign" +
Early-repolarization pattern ... leads • S1Q3T3 pattern ... Disorders: • Hyperkalemia ... no P waves • Hypercalcemia ... #ekg #electrocardiogram
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
hyperphosphatemia, hypercalcemia ... of diagnosis (e.g ... or chronic and progressive ... Progression to chronic ... ), liver (pain/abnormal
Monoclonal Gammopathy of Renal Significance (MGRS)

MGRS
• MGRS refers to kidney disease caused by nephrotoxic monoclonal immunoglobulins
Why Does MGRS Matter ... kidney function • Abnormal ... non-organized (e.g ... or no deposits (e.g ... function and prevent progression