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Drug Treatment of Anaphylaxis and Allergic Reactions
First-Line Therapy 
 - Epinephrine 
 - Oxygen 
 -
- Oxygen - IV ... fluids: NS or LR ... #Pharmacology #Table ... #Medications #Allergy
IV Fluids - Comparison Table
Fluid - pH - Osm - Na - Cl - Other
 •
Table Fluid - ... Normal Saline (NS ... Lactated Ringer's (LR ... #Fluids #IVF #Comparison ... #Table #pharmacology
Crystalloid Fluids - Contents Comparison Table
Normal plasma
0.9% saline (a.k.a. "normal saline" or NS)
0.45% saline (a.k.a. 1/2
Contents Comparison Table ... normal saline" or NS ... saline (a.k.a. 1/2 NS ... Lactated Ringers (LR ... Crystalloid #Fluids #IVF
Considerations for Crystalloids - 0.9% NS vs LR vs Plasma-Lyte
 - Causes hyperkalemia?
 - Safe to
Crystalloids - 0.9% NS ... vs LR vs Plasma-Lyte ... Update: AKI in NS ... #pharmacology #indications ... #comparison #LR
Crystalloid Compositon - Normal Saline, Lactated Ringers, PlasmaLyte
#Pharmacology #Crystalloids #Contents #Comparison #Table #Normosol #Plasmalyte #LactatedRingers #NormalSaline
Contents #Comparison #Table ... #NormalSaline #NS ... #LR #IVFluids
Lactated Ringer's Medication Compatibility
#Pharmacology #LactatedRinger #LR #RingersLactate #IVInfusion #Medication #Compatibility #Table #Nursing
Lactated Ringer's Medication ... LactatedRinger #LR ... RingersLactate #IVInfusion #Medication ... Compatibility #Table
Crystalloid pH, Contents and Costs Compared
Plasma	pH 7.4
Normal Saline	pH 5.5*	
Ringer’s Lactate pH 6.5	
Plasmalyte A pH 6.5	
Coca-cola pH
Contents #Comparison #Table ... Pharmacology #Costs #NS ... #LR #LactatedRingers
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Etiology: • Medications ... Elimination (see Table ... STOP offending medications ... hypovolemia) - Use LR ... Bicarb<22) - avoid NS
Shock - Diagnosis and Management Summary
 • Hypotension: SBP<90, SBP drop >40, MAP<65 (Normotension, HTN possible
• Establish IV ... IV's, Consider IL NS ... /LR infusion • ... veins, dilated IVC ... Septic Aggressive IVF
Beta Blockers - Pharmacology Comparison Table
Metoprolol:
 • Receptors: β1
 • Indications: Rate control of a-fib/a-flutter, Suppression
Pharmacology Comparison Table ... line) Esmolol (IV ... : Stable angina, ... : Stable angina, ... Pharmacology #Comparison #Table