202 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... mmol/L - true hyponatremia ... • nephrotic syndrome ... renal failure #Hypernatremia ... Workup #Algorithm #Nephrology
Blepharitis is one of the most common disorders of the eye and is often the underlying
Blepharitis is one ... inflammation of the eyelid ... irritation of the eyelids ... blepharitis #scurf #ophthalmology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia ... : • ADH ON (UOsm ... 100): - RAAS ON ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... diagnosis #sodium #nephrology
Von Graefe's Sign - Graves' Eyelid Ophthalmopathy on Ocular Exam

Lagging of the upper eyelid on downward
Sign - Graves' Eyelid ... Ophthalmopathy on ... on downward rotation ... #Sign #Graves #Eyelid ... #PhysicalExam #ophthalmology
Ptosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Ptosis (Greek- to fall) Drooping of the upper eyelid that usually results
Horner’s syndrome ... retraction of one ... contralateral one ... #Ptosis #neurology ... Differential #Diagnosis #ophthalmology
All About Horner's Syndrome

Horner's syndrome, known as 
"oculosympathetic paresis" by people 
who don't have friends, is
Horner's syndrome ... ptosis (droop eyelid ... they didn't sweat on ... #Overview #Ophthalmology ... #Diagnosis #Neurology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Tea and Toast Syndrome ... failure, nephrotic syndrome ... thecurbsiders #Hyponatremia ... Algorithm #causes #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... osmole intake #Hyponatremia ... #Nephrology #Differential
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... osmole intake #Hyponatremia ... #Nephrology #Differential
Parinaud's Syndrome
What?
 - Impaired upgaze
 - Light-near dissociation
 - Convergence retraction nystagmus
 - Eyelid retraction (Collier's
Parinaud's Syndrome ... retraction nystagmus - Eyelid ... gabifpucci #Parinauds #Syndrome ... diagnosis #pineal #neurology