109 results
Triquetral Fracture
The triquetrum is the second most commonly fractured carpal bone. Look for the "pooping duck
fractured carpal bone ... "pooping duck sign ... common carpal bone ... "pooping duck sign ... ulna, pain with wrist
Stress Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Abnormal biomechanics, Repetitive impact activities
=> Repetitive subthreshold mechanical loading
=> Bone strain
=>
mechanical loading => Bone ... strain => Bone ... StressFractures #msk #orthopedics ... pathophysiology #symptoms ... #signs
Scapholunate Dissociation
The spacing between all carpal bones should be 1-2 mm, look for the "Terry Thomas"
between all carpal bones ... "Terry Thomas" sign ... between all carpal bones ... ("Terry Thomas sign ... box, pain with wrist
Symptoms of Hypophosphatemia
 • CNS: Seizures, Delirium, Paresthesias, Central & extrapontine myelinolysis, Hallucinations, Fatigue
 • Hematologic:
Symptoms of Hypophosphatemia ... Heart failure • Bones ... Growth retardation, Bone ... Hypophosphatemia #Phosphate #Symptoms ... #Signs #Diagnosis
Femoral Head Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Posterior hip dislocation -> Impaction force from femoral
tear a portion of bone ... onto lateral hip Signs ... /Symptoms/Complications ... pathophysiology #signs ... #symptoms #orthopedics
Spondylolysis & Spondylolisthesis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Pars interarticularis stress fracture (spondylolysis) - most frequently in the
tenderness • Positive one-legged ... XR — scotty dog sign ... pathophysiology #signs ... #symptoms
Malignant Bone Tumors: Pathogenesis of X-ray appearance

 • Metastatic bone tumors (aka. cancerous cells from systemic
Malignant Bone Tumors ... • Metastatic bone ... • Metastatic bone ... Signs/Symptoms: ... transition between bone
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Phosphate Physical Symptoms ... : Commonly no signs ... , Fragile bones/ ... easily/weakness, Bone ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): Pathogenesis and Joint diseases features
 • RA affects 1% of population, women >
small joints (wrists ... in subchondral bone ... Extra-articular signs ... pathophysiology #signs ... #symptoms #diagnosis
Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and risk factors

 • Age > 30 (post-peak bone mass)
 • Post-menopausal women ->
30 (post-peak bone ... Decr estrogen • Bone ... pathophysiology #signs ... #symptoms #diagnosis