148 results
Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT)
• At least 3 different P wave morphologies: 
• Rate 100-180
• Irregular 
Etiology
Multifocal Atrial ... • Hypoxia • Pulmonary ... • Oxygen • ... #Multifocal #Atrial ... Tachycardia #MAT #Cardiology
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN ... Difficulty diffusing oxygen ... with supplemental oxygen ... lung diseases, pulmonary ... shunting (eg, atrial
Atrial Fibrillation - Diagnosis, Causes, Presentations
Causes (PIRATES):
 - Pulmonary embolism 
 - Ischemia (cardiac) 
 -
Atrial Fibrillation ... - Diagnosis, Causes ... Presentations Causes ... (PIRATES): - Pulmonary ... PIRATES #Emergency #Cardiology
Causes of Hypoxemia- Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Ventilation/perfusion Mismatch
 • Airway Disease (Asthma, COPD)
 • Vascular (PE*)
 •
Causes of Hypoxemia ... Defect ** • Atrial ... Abnormalities • Chest ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #Pulmonary
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome (HPS) 

HPS-differential diagnosis:
1. Pulmonary vasculature
2. Diseases of the lung parenchyma
3. Pleura and diaphragm

HPS-diagnosis:
1. Patients
Pulmonary vasculature ... Alveolar-arterial ... oxygen gradient ... HPS-severity classification ... HPS #hepatology #pulmonary
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
dissolved in arterial ... hemoglobin in arterial ... content of arterial ... Hypoxemia #summary #pulmonary ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Atrial Fibrillation Overview

Symptoms:
Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

1. Why?
Cardiac:
• Valvular heart disease
•
Atrial Fibrillation ... exercise intolerance, chest ... Noncardiac: • Pulmonary ... #Fibrillation #Cardiology ... #Management #Algorithm
Right Heart Catheterization Cheat Sheet: Interpretation of Pressures and Waveforms 
Direct measurements
 ● Central venous pressure
(PAp) ● Pulmonary ... – CVP]/CO) ● Pulmonary ... SVI x 0.136) ● Oxygen ... Hb x SaO2) ● Oxygen ... CheatSheet #Waveforms #Cardiology
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome
HPS - Diagnosis:
 1. Patients with liver disease
 2. Alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (AaP02) >15 mmHg
Alveolar-arterial ... oxygen gradient ... vasodilatation HPS Classification ... Syndrome #diagnosis #management ... #classification
Clues to Differential Diagnosis of Central Cyanosis: Onset of cyanosis, Clubbing, Secondary erythrocytosis, Auscultation, X-ray, Echocardiography,
Echocardiography, Arterial ... heart defect - Pulmonary ... diseases - Pulmonary ... Diagnosis #Central #Cardiology ... #Causes #Table