15 results
Bradycardia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

BRADI Mnemonic
 • BRASH/Hyperkalemia
 • Reduced oxygen/Glucose/Temp
 • ACS
 • Drugs
 •
Mnemonic • BRASH/Hyperkalemia ... BRASH Syndrome - Hyperkalemia ... Spondylarthropathies Other causes ... Failure of permanent pacemaker ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Approach to ECGs - Tachy/Bradyarrhythmias
Tachyarrhythmias - HR > 100
Wide
  (1) VT - DANGER
  (2)
Approach to ECGs ... 60 (1) Sinus bradycardia ... 200ms from longer pause ... - ventricular pacemaker ... #Tachycardia #Bradycardia
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Reflex Testing - Causes ... Hyporeflexia: • Hypercalcemia ... Deep coma (any cause ... polyneuropathy (e.g ... diagnosis #table #neurology
Cardiac Stress Testing
Exercise:
 • Everyone who can exercise should!
 • They must be able to raise
production to cause ... Contraindications: - Bradycardia ... heartblock w/o pacemaker ... arrythmias Diagnostics: EKG
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
palpitations, bradycardia ... heparinized tube) • ECG ... QRS intervals, bradycardia ... only if no clear cause ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
uropathy, Metabolic causes ... (e.g., hypokalemia ... , hypercalcemia) ... disease, Drugs (e.g ... Classification #Types #Nephrology
Intraoperative  Bradycardia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Bradycardia in theatre should not be treated as
Intraoperative Bradycardia ... Guidelines for Crises ... Consider known drug causes ... (eg. remifentanil ... myocardial infarction, hyperkalaemia
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis
Excess Intake of Water:
 • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia")
 •
Causes of Polyuria ... SGLT2 inhibitors (e.g ... Hereditary, Lithium, Hypercalcemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology
Palpitations - Differential Diagnosis Framework

What?
• It is an unpleasant awareness or sensation that the heart is
exam • 12-lead ECG ... fibrillation/flutter • Bradycardia ... dysfunction • Bradycardia-tachycardia ... valve prolapse • Pacemaker-mediated ... disease • Severe bradycardia
Bradycardia - Differential Diagnosis 
 • Cardiac disease: Myocardial ischemia / infarction, Myocarditis, Congenital disorders, Cardiomyopathies,
Bradycardia - Differential ... . hyperkalemia) ... Physiological causes ... (e.g. athletes, ... SinaiBmoreIMRes #Bradycardia