27 results
Hormones Acting on the Nephron - Diuretics and Their Site of Action
 1) Acetazolamide
 2) Osmotic
Osmotic Diuretics (e.g ... Loop Diuretics (e.g ... 4) Thiazides (e.g ... spironolactone) #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Nephron
Nephron Pathophysiology - Diuretic Sites of Action
Diuretics
1) Acetazolamide/canagliflozin
2) Osmotic agents (mannitol, urearetics)
3) Loop agents (eg, furosemide)
4)
Nephron Pathophysiology ... ) Loop agents (eg ... Adenosine #Nephron #Pathophysiology ... Sites #Action #nephrology
Common causes of Acute Kidney Injury AKI - Differential Diagnosis
HEMODYNAMIC
 • Cardiac failure: Impaired forward flow,
vasoconstriction (e.g ... Prostatic enlargement (benign ... disease or drugs e.g ... AIN) • Drugs (e.g ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Pathogenesis and Medications
Aging
 -> Increased Testosterone -> Testosterone metabolized into DHT by type
Benign Prostatic ... -5 inhibitors (e.g ... inflammation #BPH #Benign ... Hyperplasia #Prostate #Pathophysiology ... #Pharmacology #Urology
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
Hyperkalemia • Direct renin ... Aliskiren) • Renin ... • Increased EC ... differential #diagnosis #pathophysiology
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
symptoms and signs (e.g ... CNS infection (e.g ... glaucoma (AACG) • Benign ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #neurology
NSAIDS and their effects on the Kidney - Pathophysiology

Arachidonic Acid metabolites into alternative pathways that modify
on the Kidney - Pathophysiology ... Inhibition of Renin ... KidneyDisease #nephrology ... #Effects #pathophysiology
Anticonvulsants as Mood Stabilizers: Mechanism and Side-effect
Examples: Valproate, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine
 • Mild anticholinergic effect -> Drowsiness
Allergic reaction -> Benign ... , asthenia • Neurologic ... #SideEffects #Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology ... Contraction → ↑ Renin ... Gitelman #Syndrome #Pathophysiology ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Pisa Syndrome (pleurothotonus) on Physical Exam
A tonic flexion of the trunk of the body to one
by: - drugs (e.g ... neurodegenerative disorders (eg ... Pathophysiology: ... PhysicalExam #clinical #neurology