25 results
Approach to ECGs
Check
 - Age, gender, name
 - 25mm/s; 10mm/mV
 - 1mm = 40ms; 0.1 mV
Rate
Approach to ECGs ... II (3) 60-100 bpm ... ectopic atrial pacemaker ... leads rsr'), V-pacemaker ... #Approach #ECG
Hormones Acting on the Nephron - Diuretics and Their Site of Action
 1) Acetazolamide
 2) Osmotic
Osmotic Diuretics (e.g ... Loop Diuretics (e.g ... 4) Thiazides (e.g ... spironolactone) #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Nephron
Causes of Post-Partum Hemorrhage - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Blood Loss: >500mL post vaginal delivery OR >1000 mL
Uterine fatigue (e.g ... macrosomia) • Bladder distension ... Uterine infection (e.g ... coagulopathy (e.g ... PostPartum #Hemorrhage #PPH
Nephron Pathophysiology - Diuretic Sites of Action
Diuretics
1) Acetazolamide/canagliflozin
2) Osmotic agents (mannitol, urearetics)
3) Loop agents (eg, furosemide)
4)
Nephron Pathophysiology ... ) Loop agents (eg ... Adenosine #Nephron #Pathophysiology ... Sites #Action #nephrology
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Pathogenesis and Medications
Aging
 -> Increased Testosterone -> Testosterone metabolized into DHT by type
alpha-1 blockers (e.g ... -5 inhibitors (e.g ... inflammation #BPH ... Hyperplasia #Prostate #Pathophysiology ... #Pharmacology #Urology
Atrioventricular Blocks (AV blocks) - ECG Diagnosis Summary
First Degree AV Block
 • The P wave is
(AV blocks) - ECG ... usually 40-60 bpm ... by a junctional pacemaker ... an infra-Hisian pacemaker ... #ecg #diagnosis
Pisa Syndrome (pleurothotonus) on Physical Exam
A tonic flexion of the trunk of the body to one
by: - drugs (e.g ... neurodegenerative disorders (eg ... Pathophysiology: ... PhysicalExam #clinical #neurology
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis
Excess Intake of Water:
 • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia")
 •
SGLT2 inhibitors (e.g ... volume): • UTI, BPH ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Third Degree AV Block aka Complete Heart Block
 • In sinus rhythm with complete AV block,
usually 40-60 bpm ... by a junctional pacemaker ... and less the 40 bpm ... an infra-Hisian pacemaker ... #ecg #diagnosis
Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH) and Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) - Pathophysiology
ICH Management:
1. Manage Blood Pressure
  •
Pressure (ICP) - Pathophysiology ... Spontaneous ICH and SAH BP ... acid formation) BP ... Pressure #ICP #Pathophysiology ... #neurology #neurosurgery