12 results
Nephron Pathophysiology - Diuretic Sites of Action
Diuretics
1) Acetazolamide/canagliflozin
2) Osmotic agents (mannitol, urearetics)
3) Loop agents (eg, furosemide)
4)
Nephron Pathophysiology ... - Diuretic Sites ... ) Loop agents (eg ... Adenosine #Nephron #Pathophysiology ... #Action #nephrology
Hormones Acting on the Nephron - Diuretics and Their Site of Action
 1) Acetazolamide
 2) Osmotic
the Nephron - Diuretics ... 3) Loop Diuretics ... spironolactone) #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Nephron ... #Diuretics #Hormones
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis
Excess Intake of Water:
 • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia")
 •
of Polyuria - Differential ... a.k.a. osmotic diuresis ... : Conventional diuretics ... SGLT2 inhibitors (e.g ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential ... Thiazide or loop diuretics ... after renal tubule diuretic ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Differential ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria = >3L Urine output / 24 hours
Urine osmolality = 2 (Na
Polyuria - Differential ... mosm/kg • Solute Diuresis ... solute intake (e.g ... Polydipsia #Polyuria #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Hypernatremia - Differential ... administration • Osmotic diuresis ... Polyuria scheme) e.g ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology ... #Differential #
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min)
Osmotic
of Polyuria - Differential ... /min) Osmotic Diuresis ... concentration (e.g ... #Polyuria #Nephrology ... #Differential #
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup and Differential ... classes, including a diuretic ... heart failure, neurologic ... Neurologic disorders ... Workup #causes #Differential
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment
Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
Hypernatremia - Differential ... The differential ... , Dehydration: neurologic ... unavailable 2) Osmotic Diuresis ... patient weight (eg
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
may precede the neurologic ... Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... Reversible course Differential ... • EEG: With persistent ... diagnosis #management #neurology