11 results
Nephron Pathophysiology - Diuretic Sites of Action
Diuretics
1) Acetazolamide/canagliflozin
2) Osmotic agents (mannitol, urearetics)
3) Loop agents (eg, furosemide)
4)
Nephron Pathophysiology ... - Diuretic Sites ... ) Loop agents (eg ... #Diuretics #Sites ... #Action #nephrology
Hormones Acting on the Nephron - Diuretics and Their Site of Action
 1) Acetazolamide
 2) Osmotic
the Nephron - Diuretics ... and Their Site ... 3) Loop Diuretics ... spironolactone) #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Nephron
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Regulating Renal ... Kidney stones caused ... Postoperative abdominal distention ... #Renal #Excretion ... #Diuresis #Nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... after renal tubule ... generally indicates a renal ... thiazide-sensitive site ... #nephrology
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis
Excess Intake of Water:
 • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia")
 •
Causes of Polyuria ... a.k.a. osmotic diuresis ... SGLT2 inhibitors (e.g ... Nephrogenic DI (Renal ... #nephrology
Varicocele: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Primary:
 - Anatomically: the left spermatic vein drains into the left renal
into the left renal ... retroperitoneal masses ... scrotal venous distention ... #Varicocele #Pathophysiology ... Signs #Symptoms #Urology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
, including a diuretic ... heart failure, neurologic ... , presence of renal ... Renal parenchymal ... Neurologic disorders
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Excretion: - Renal ... heparinized tube) • ECG ... 15 suggests ↓ renal ... only if no clear cause ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min)
Osmotic
Causes of Polyuria ... /min) Osmotic Diuresis ... concentration (e.g ... Recovery from Acute Renal ... #Polyuria #Nephrology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
may precede the neurologic ... Immunosuppressive agents, Renal ... Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... the underlying cause ... with AEDs until cause