25 results
Types of Urinary Incontinence
 - Stress Incontinence - The urethral sphincter is weakened so that transient
Types of Urinary ... pressure raise the bladder ... #Urinary #Incontinence ... #Types #Classification ... #Causes #diagnosis
Causes of Urinary Incontinence - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 - Transient - Easily reversible cause (DIAPPERS)
Causes of Urinary ... Incontinence - Distended bladder ... with high post-void ... medications • Bladder ... Obstruction #Urinary
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
inhibitors Other causes ... Tubulointerstitial diseases - Urinary ... I, type II - ... transplant - SLE High ... #differential #causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Ureterosigmoidostomy Urinary ... tubular acidosis (Types ... and 2, but not type ... Potassium #Table #Classification ... #Causes
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
Types of Renal Calculi ... volume, Increased urinary ... tubular acidosis (type ... Mycoplasma infections, High ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Elevated PTH (High ... or normal): • Primary ... Lung, SCC, renal, Bladder ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
Kidney Injury - Classification ... tubular necrosis (causes ... • Neurogenic bladder ... • Urinary tract ... Kidney #Injury #Classification
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
anywhere in the urinary ... - Up to 3 per high-power ... normal; >3 per high-power ... inflammation in urinary ... - Any type of renal
Causes of Nephrolithiasis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Radio-opaque - Calcium-containing - 90% of stones
Radiolucent - Non-calcium 10%
Causes of Nephrolithiasis ... Hyperuricosuria • High ... of stones: • Urinary ... Hypocitraturia • RTA Type ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Shock Classification Types - Pathophysiology Comparison

Obstructive Shock:
 • Obstructive shock is characterized by a blockage in
Shock Classification ... Types - Pathophysiology ... in blood flow caused ... Depends on the cause ... and normal or high