1915 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis ... Medications Renal ... Losses Non-renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
• Periodic paralysis ... Renal artery stenosis ... Causes #Workup #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia Periodic paralysis ... resistance Impaired Renal ... deficiency • Renal ... Type IV RTA • Renal ... potassium #high #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation)
GI loss - Urine loss
Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis ... hypokalemic periodic paralysis ... aldosterone • Renal ... #Hypokalemia #Nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis ... hypokalemic periodic paralysis ... Villous adenoma Renal ... chewing tobacco, Renal ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia Periodic paralysis ... resistance Impaired Renal ... deficiency • Renal ... Type IV RTA • Renal ... potassium #high #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
arrhythmias and paralysis ... suggests extra-renal ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Agents Regulating Renal ... Familial periodic paralysis ... Inhibitors of Renal ... #Diuretics #Renal ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
hyperK periodic paralysis ... post-hypothermia • ↓ Renal ... Excretion: - Renal ... 15 suggests ↓ renal ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
REBEL Review 4 & 5: Paralytic & Vasopressor Dosing 

Paralytic Agents:
 - Succinylcholine (Depolarizing Agent)
Review 4 & 5: Paralytic ... Vasopressor Dosing Paralytic ... #vasopressors #paralytics