369 results
Hypercalcemia Evaluation Algorithm 

(PTH = parathyroid hormone; PTHrp: parathyroid hormone–related peptide.)

#Hypercalcemia #Evaluation #Algorithm #Diagnosis
Hypercalcemia Evaluation ... Algorithm (PTH = parathyroid ... hormone; PTHrp: parathyroid ... #Hypercalcemia #
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Workup of Hypercalcemia ... Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia ... calcitriol induced hypercalcemia ... Infantile idiopathic hypercalcemia ... @aishaikh #Hypercalcemia
Hypocalcemia Evaluation Algorithm 

(PTH = parathyroid hormone.)

#Hypocalcemia #Evaluation #Algorithm #Diagnosis #Differential
Hypocalcemia Evaluation ... Algorithm (PTH = parathyroid ... #Hypocalcemia #Evaluation
Electrolyte imbalances are common findings in many diseases. The kidney is a principally responsible organ for
aldosterone, and parathyroid ... #Hyponatremia #hypokalemia ... #hypocalcemia ... hypernatremia #hyperkalemia ... #hypercalcemia
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Parathyroid gland ... adenoma • Parathyroid ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Milk-alkali syndrome #Hypercalcemia
Mechanism of malignancy-associated hypercalcemia. Abbreviations: 1,25(OH)2D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma; PTH, parathyroid hormone; PTHrP, PTH-related
malignancy-associated hypercalcemia ... lymphoma; PTH, parathyroid ... Pathophys #Diagnosis #Hypercalcemia
Hypocalcemia Laboratory Evaluation

Serum levels of PTH, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D can help differentiate between
Hypocalcemia Laboratory ... disorders causing hypocalcemia ... activating mutation - Parathyroid ... kidney disease #Hypocalcemia
Hypomagnesemia (Serum level < 1.7 mg/dL)
Neuromuscular manifestations 
 • Tremor, tetany, seizures 
 • Weakness
dysrhythmias Hypokalemia ... metabolism • Hypocalcemia ... Hypoparathyroidism • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Parathyroid hormone–dependent ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Neoplasms - Parathyroid ... Jansen disease #Hypercalcemia
Chvostek Sign of Hypocalcemia on Physical Exam 

This patient had hypocalcemia secondary to parathyroid injury during
Chvostek Sign of Hypocalcemia ... This patient had hypocalcemia ... secondary to parathyroid ... Chvostek #Sign #Hypocalcemia