1481 results
Mechanism of malignancy-associated hypercalcemia. Abbreviations: 1,25(OH)2D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma; PTH, parathyroid hormone; PTHrP, PTH-related
Mechanism of malignancy-associated ... lymphoma; PTH, parathyroid ... Hypercalcemia #Malignancy
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid ... adenoma, Parathyroid ... hyperplasia, Parathyroid ... • High PTHrP: Malignancy ... nephrology #PTH #parathyroid
Since these risk factors are numerous and have different effects on the malignancy risk, it is
effects on the malignancy ... probability of malignancy ... EBM #Radiology #Pulmonary ... #Probability #Malginancy
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Hypercalcemia Parathyroid ... hyperparathyroidism • Parathyroid ... adenoma • Parathyroid ... hyperplasia • Parathyroid ... disease of bone Malignancy
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - Pathophysiology
PTH-mediated
 • Parathyroid cancer
 • Ectopic production: Small cell lung cancer, ovarian
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy ... PTH-mediated • Parathyroid ... Hypercalcemia #Malignancy
Pulmonary Nodule
Evaluation is guided by nodule size & assessment of probability of malignancy. In addition is
Pulmonary Nodule ... Focal pulmonary ... Pulmonary nodules ... Part-solid pulmonary ... Ground-glass pulmonary
Hypercalcemia Evaluation Algorithm 

(PTH = parathyroid hormone; PTHrp: parathyroid hormone–related peptide.)

#Hypercalcemia #Evaluation #Algorithm #Diagnosis
Algorithm (PTH = parathyroid ... hormone; PTHrp: parathyroid
Size
A solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) is defined as a single intraparenchymal lesion less than 3 cm
Size A solitary pulmonary ... cm are usually malignant ... either benign or malignant ... the chance of malignancy ... EBM #Radiology #Pulmonary
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Effect in Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium - Net Effect Hypercalcemia:
   ↑ intestinal
Parathyroid Hormone ... mendesthiagob #Parathyroid
Hemoptysis Differential Diagnosis Framework
Cardiovascular: Pulmonary embolism, Heart failure, Vasculitis, Valvular disease, Arteriovenous malformation
Pulmonary - Airway: Bronchitis,
Cardiovascular: Pulmonary ... Arteriovenous malformation Pulmonary ... Bronchiectasis, Malignancy ... Bronchovascular fistula Pulmonary ... hemoptysis, Idiopathic pulmonary