1985 results
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Framework for Hemolysis ... Intravascular Hemolysis ... Microangiopathic hemolytic ... purpura (TTP), Hemolytic ... Transfusion reaction, Paroxysmal
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) - Differential Diagnosis Table

Warm AIHA (48-70%)
Cold AHA (16-32%)
 • Donath-Landsteiner HA (paroxysmal
Autoimmune Hemolytic ... Donath-Landsteiner HA (paroxysmal ... #Autoimmune #Hemolytic
Expected DAT Results in Autoimmune Hemolysis
DAT Negative Hemolysis
 • DAT Poly ( - ), IgG (
in Autoimmune Hemolysis ... DAT Negative Hemolysis ... , C3d ( +/- ) Paroxysmal ... DAT #Autoimmune #Hemolysis
Differential Diagnosis for Hemolytic Anemia
Intrinsic Causes:
 • Enzyme deficiencies ex. G6PD, pyruvate kinase 
 • Hemoglobinopathies
Diagnosis for Hemolytic ... incompatibility • Paroxysmal ... udaygulati #Hemolytic
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
erythematosus • HLH • Paroxysmal ... Antibody-mediated hemolysis
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
Viral Infection Clinical ... Diagnosis: • hemolytic ... • Compensated hemolysis ... macroglobulinemia Paroxysmal ... intravascular hemolysis
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
Microangiopathic Hemolytic ... spherocytosis, Autoimmune hemolytic ... Cold autoimmune hemolytic ... anemia, Paroxysmal
Peripheral blood findings in microangiopathic hemolytic anemia.  DIC is a clinical and laboratory diagnosis, not
microangiopathic hemolytic ... DIC is a clinical ... Microangiopathic hemolytic ... microangiopathic #hemolytic
Peripheral Blood Smear Analysis
Hypochromia
Megaloblastic Anemia
Schistocytes: Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (e.g. DIC, TTP, HUS)
Microspherocytes: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Sickled red
Microangiopathic hemolytic ... Microspherocytes: Autoimmune hemolytic ... interpretation #clinical
Hydrophobia on Physical Examination

Seen in the late stages of rabies.  Caused by painful paroxysmal contractions
Caused by painful paroxysmal ... #PhysicalExam #clinical