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diagnosis differential management oncology causes anemia hepatology clinical dermatology hemolytic rheumatology workup chronic classification leukemia liver microscopy systemic autoimmune cll
Overall Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Blood Loss • Acute Bleed - Normocytic / Normochromic
Decreased RBC ... Infiltration Increased RBC ... Thalassemia • RBC ... Disorder • RBC ... #Causes #Hematology
Plasmodium - Identification Algorithm • P. falciparum: RINGS AND GAMETOCYTES PREDOMINATE, Small delicate rings, <1/3 size
rings, <1/3 size RBC ... Multiple rings/RBC ... rings, ≤ 1/3 size RBC ... trophs, >1/3 size RBC ... #pathology #smear
Hemolytic Anemias - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Signs of anemia and hemolysis: • ↓ Haptoglobin • ↑ LDH
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Abnormal peripheral smear ... • Extrinsic RBC ... • Intrinsic RBC ... #hematology
Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework 1) Environment - Fragmentation - MAHA: TTP, HUS, DIC, HELLP
2) External (RBC ... Drug-associated, PCH, Evans Syndrome ... 3) Internal (RBC ... Peripheral Blood Smear ... Differential #Diagnosis #hematology
Beautiful acanthocytes/spur cells in a patient with McLeod Syndrome. X-linked disorder characterized by reduced expression of
patient with McLeod Syndrome ... expression of Kell RBC ... SpurCells #McLeod #Syndrome ... #Smear #Pathology
Causes of Anemia with elevated Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Normal Blood Smear •
Normal Blood Smear ... Neutrophils - Low RBC ... Pernicious Anemia RBCs ... Myelodysplastic Syndromes ... #Causes #Hematology
Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Vascular Causes of Acute Liver Injury: • Hepatic vein:
Autoimmune hepatitis, PBC ... stone, Malignancy, PBC ... • Bilirubin: RBC ... cardiac muscle, RBC ... • LDH: Heart, RBC
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
blasts and high WBC ... Triggers: Diuretics, PRBC ... - 80% have fever ... • Lab values: WBC ... diagnosis #management #hematology
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Exercise • Fever ... • Fanconi's syndrome ... urine sediment - WBC ... /RBC casts
Approach to Thrombotic Microangiopathy (TMA) - Differential Diagnosis and Management Algorithm Suspected TMA: Unexplained thrombocytopenia + MAHA
and Management Algorithm ... Initial labs: CBC ... Reticulocytes, smear ... MAHA likely: • Smear ... #hematology
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