18 results
Hypocalcemia Laboratory Evaluation

Serum levels of PTH, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D can help differentiate between
Serum levels of PTH ... dihydroxyvitamin D can help differentiate ... - Parathyroid hormone ... Hyperparathyroidism #Diagnosis #Endocrinology ... #Differential
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Effect in Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium - Net Effect Hypercalcemia:
   ↑ intestinal
Parathyroid Hormone ... (PTH) Effect in ... Calcium - Net Effect Hypercalcemia ... Calcium #Phosphorus #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
The principal endocrine 'axes' and glands. Parathyroid glands, adrenal zona glomerulosa and endocrine pancreas are not
Parathyroid glands, adrenal ... controlled by the pituitary ... gonadotrophin-releasing hormone ... Endocrine #Axes #Endocrinology ... #Pathophysiology
Hypercalcemia Workup and Differential Diagnosis Framework
1) Determine whether PTH-dependent
2) Assess for other hormonal causes
3) Assess for
Hypercalcemia Workup ... and Differential ... Determine whether PTH-dependent ... Assess for non-hormonal ... Diagnosis #algorithm #endocrinology
Adrenal Insufficiency - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency:
 • Autoimmune primary adrenal insufficiency
 • Adrenoleukodystrophy,
- Differential ... ACTH-deficiency • Combined pituitary ... hormone deficiency ... Insufficiency #Differential ... Workup #Algorithm #endocrinology
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasias (MEN syndromes) 

MEN I
• Hyperparathyroidism 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Possible ZE syndrome 
• Various
Hyperparathyroidism • Hypercalcemia ... syndrome • Various Pituitary ... path • Acromegaly ... MultipleEndocrineNeoplasia #Differential ... #Endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Elevated PTH ... Low PTH: • Elevated ... Tumors: Lung, SCC, renal ... Algorithm #causes #endocrinology
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High PTH
LOW PTH - Hypoparathyroid
 - Congenital (Pediatric)
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... • Chronic Renal ... laxatives) #Hypocalcemia ... #Differential # ... #endocrinology
Breast Discharge - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High Prolactin + Normal TSH
 • Microprolactinoma
 • Steroid Hormone Intake
Breast Discharge - Differential ... Microprolactinoma • Steroid Hormone ... Normal/ Low TSH • Pituitary ... Inhibition • Pituitary ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Renal failure, ... thyrotoxicosis, adrenal ... #Causes #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology