23 results
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
HIV / AIDS - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... Demyelinating disease caused ... #differential # ... diagnosis #AIDS
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
Chorioretinitis • Diagnosis ... - Compatible syndrome ... Lesions #Brain #differential ... #diagnosis #causes ... #radiology #neurology
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
Diagnosis Algorithm ... papilledema • Horner syndrome ... history of cancer, HIV ... ) • Systemic symptoms ... brain lesion • CNS
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in HIV-AIDS Patients
Cytomegalovirus (CMV): double-stranded DNA virus, herpesvirus family.
CMV infection: virus isolation or detection
or signs. ... and CD4 50 or less ... Retinitis (Most common cause ... #differential # ... signs #symptoms
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
Non-inflammatory Causes ... nervous system (CNS ... pachymeningitis • HIV ... noninflammatory #differential ... #diagnosis
Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Disease by CD4 Count:
Any CD4 Count:
 • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
- Differential ... • CT: Halo sign ... Lymphadenopathy, CNS ... Constitutional symptoms ... factor • May cause
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
dementia Pathophysiology ... and infects the CNS ... • Depressive symptoms ... Diagnosis: MRI ... The clinical syndrome
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
spine L1-L5 Symptoms ... (CES) is usually ... Diagnosis: • ... cord infarct • HIV ... diagnosis #causes
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Diagnosis Framework ... Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... → Syncope • Signs ... /Symptoms: - Lightheadedness ... #diagnosis #causes
Signs and Symptoms Associated With Different Headache Etiologies
 • Nonfocal mental status changes - Meningitis, encephalitis,
Signs and Symptoms ... Ill, IV, and VI ... #symptoms #clues ... #differential # ... diagnosis