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diagnosis differential causes betadglucan brain endocarditis galactomannan infective lung abscess aspergillus bcnie biomarkers bloodculture comparison culture falsepositives laboratory noninfective sensitivity
Transplant Infections Timeline Pre-transplant: • Common bacteria (endogenous): Staphylococci (skin), Gram-negative bacilli (gut) • Viruses: HSV (reactivation) Engraftment:
Transplant Infections ... difficile (gut) • Fungi ... Adenovirus, RSV • Fungi ... reactivation), RSV • Fungi ... diagnosis #causes #infectiousdiseases
Endocarditis Algorithm - Infective vs Noninfective Causes Noninfective: • Malignancy • Autoimmune disease • Systemic infection Native Valve
Endocarditis Algorithm ... disease • Systemic infection ... bacilli • Fungi ... bacilli • Fungi ... #Endocarditis #Algorithm
Causes of Culture Negative Abscess - Differential Diagnosis Framework Consider prior antibiotics as a cause of a
Causes of Culture Negative ... Scedosporium, endemic fungi ... Dracunculiasis - Non-Infectious ... Blastomycosis - Non-Infectious ... Differential #Diagnosis #InfectiousDiseases
Blood Culture-Negative Infective Endocarditis (BCNIE) Definition: No etiology found after 3 separate blood cultures remain negative for
Blood Culture-Negative ... fastidious bacteria or fungi ... Tropheryma whipplei, Fungi ... bacteria) and 18S ( fungi ... differential #workup #infectiousdiseases
Fungal Biomarkers: Beta-D-Glucan and Aspergillus Galactomannan Beta-D-Glucan: • Polysaccharide cell wall component of many fungi • Pathogens:
component of many fungi ... Coccidioides - Negative ... infection (IFI) ... decreased with: concurrent ... closely related fungi
Concurrent Brain and Lung Lesions • Bacteria: Nocardia spp, Strep anginosus, Staph aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae (hypervirulent),
Concurrent Brain ... ) • Fungi: Aspergillus ... #Brain #Lung #Infections ... #Concurrent #Differential ... Diagnosis #causes #infectiousdiseases
Concurrent Brain and Lung Lesions • Bacteria: Nocardia spp, Strep anginosus, Staph aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae (hypervirulent),
Concurrent Brain ... ) • Fungi: Aspergillus ... #Brain #Lung #Infections ... #Concurrent #Differential ... Diagnosis #causes #infectiousdiseases
1,3-Beta-D-Glucan and Galactomannan Testing Sensitivity Specificity and False Positives 1,3-Beta-D-Glucan • Cell wall component of many fungi
component of many fungi ... Almost always negative ... surfaces, Albumin, Infections ... Sensitivity ↓ w/concurrent ... closely related fungi
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